Underreamer



E. F. RAYMOND UNDERREAMER Filed Jan. 24, 1951 In v en l'o 2^., Edam/rdf.' Ebay/0nd,

Oct. 27, 1931'.

Patented oct. 27, A1s`j r31 n Envir-Amir. nllmlrorm,v or Los ANGELES, onrironivrmnssrenon ro .101m eRnN'n'or g 1 t .Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA l UN`'IninnrinivrnrtlMV f 1This, inventionhas relation" to expansive 'reamers' which are most yused for underreaming in deepwells, 4The general object of the .el 'invention is the provisionof a simple, strong l W5structure for'y an underreamer of the 'type y ...Q tion, :reference for thispurpose beinghad .toy

4 lathe accompanying drawings, which: f Figure 1 is 'a vertical central longitudlnal lsection showing my underreamerfin contracted position F ig. 3 is across sectionon line n of Fig. is a is a 'crosse/email pafiine; vor

' l The enanandgrelatively rotatable man- "drel is-designeted .bythe ,ume'ralfllfend' a surrounding tubular slotted body numeral y :'30l ll. The tubular body llis provided with a Y `'pluralityof longitudinally extending cutter l 'receiving slots lQZinwhichthe, cutters l,

here illustrated vasv three` in'v number, are n y a n Y v n r limited relative ,rotationofj the mandrel to .y mounted. The lcutters fareheres'hown as cutters Vmaybe taken as' typical -of any other cutter make-up, as the naturefofthe cutters operated upon.v The cuttersvlare made to'it Vvs'lidablyfin slots '12,' so as to movefin andlout between the Vcontracted'V land., expanded posiv tions; andat their upperand'lower ends they have extensions' llajadaptedfto be overhung by 'certain parts 'which willbe hereafter des'c'ribed.'

j j Manara 1o'Y ilspfotaea wif-heater ex- 'Pending cams 20.which; by yrelative,limited the cutters'out to their expanded positions.

'cross `se `3tio1i0`on line of Y Y Y Y f f f f Vby contactwith the body, limit relative rota- ,A

tion oft-,the mandrel.- I have preferably shown 4 f5 Y vtwo such sets ofstop ilugs,near.th e upper and composite cutters, madeup of cutter carriers l or ybars 14,. and' roller cuttersV 15,; but ythese Y may vary according totheformationy being ,A

4 e Directly belowfth 5,1, rotationfof the' mandrel, areV adaptedto cam i 50 Application ined January 24,. ieaiffseial'no. 510,978.,`l

It vis desirable that l the cutters '."be 'Caml .and therefore mandrehsupported at orinear both `ends, ifit'isy desirable that the cutters beex# panded' throughout their lengths'. f. I `have shownk such.v a .designe in the drawings andfgs 'have illustrated tWosets of'camsQO located near fthe upper and lower ends V,of the out-` ters'fand designed to expand equally the upper and'lower ends. "If itisdesired'towVv y Y expand one 4end of the Cutters more than "0 the other, for desired, for=instance, to expand only thev upper ends ofpthe. cutters, one setofcams (eg. the lower set) may be made of klesser radial throw, or eliminated altogether. Inra-ny vcase, thefcains being ing5 y tegral parts vof thejmandrel, the cutters kbear l inwardly' upon the internal mandrel ,forjsupport at bothends.. lAndfthe cams maybe vinadefofsany length; desired. along the man- ,L

drel;j` .so" (that. .theV cutters ,are 'supported'im `thmu'ghout any proportion of their'lengtlls desired. l f

yThemandrel alsofv lugs which, 7

the ,body atv the longitudinal position of the stop lugs. .'Theseprecessesare'of properfcir-4 v cum'ferentlalextent to allowgthejnecessary t expand and fcrontractfthe cutters. ".Ehe'lfposif r$35 Jn.011 Shown i111 ,Fguie ifs, the vC0`r1tracted position;v lrelative. right-handed rotationv of the 1 'i mandrel from that position'throws the mani f dreljfand its camsQO'tothe expanded posi-gi:V tion where theV camsarebehind thencutters, 90v

euprorfingfthemk l l I has an internal boreBOwhichis of a diameter large enough to accommodate the cams. andis'f-fjr of substantially the same diameter asthe-bot-i 95 toms of` therzecesses 26. Being fof f this ydi- ,ameter,. this'bore. 30fnot-only accommodates ythecams ibut alsoca'n passthe lowerimandrel f stop Vlugs". 25aVV which ,are situatedv` near, the-f.;-

lower end ofthe mandrel.y vThese lower stop ,100

lugs, here shown as two in number, play in two recesses 26a, these lugs and recesses having thesame stopping function as the ones at the upper end of the mandrel. In assembling the tool, the lower stop lugs can pass through the upper stop recesses 26 and then lon down through theV bore 30 in to the stop recesses 1 26a. It is desirable to provide stops between the mandrel and body at both upper and lower lo aends S0 as to 'providegreatstrengthY of r0- tational connection between the mandrel and body. Rotary motion is applied to the tool through the mandrel, which is connected'at its upper end with the rotary drill stem. The

Y reaming cutters are, of course, mountedin, or

carried by the ybodv. The lower drill bit 35 isalso mounted on, and given rotary motion through, the body. It is therefore desirable that rotational connection between the man- A'drel andbodv be strong. Y A D At 4thelower end of the'mandr-el I provide a collar 36 screw-threaded upon the mandrel. "This collar 36 presents an upwardly'facing bearing shoulder 37 which bears upwardly againstthe lower end or" body ll and prelventsrelativedownward movement of v`the body. `The drill bit 35 (or asub which conf nefctsr with the drill bit) `has in' its-upper end Y a recess 38 enclosing the lower end of the mandrel and the collarv 36; andthisfmember 35 c alsoz has 'a rscrew-threaded box 39' which is screw-thread'edlyY attached Ato thelower end `ofthe body.'Y AThe lower end of collar 36 pro- *vide's adownwardlv facing bearing surface to j give ay good downwardk thrust bearing upon the drill-bit; and if desired this bearing tace may Vbe -provided with' rollingV bearings 40.

At its upper end mandrel l0 is provided f rwith a head which is here shownv in theform 40"ofa sub50 screw-threaded to the upper end of the mandrelat 51', and-adapted at its upper end'for connection with the drill stem. `The lowerend ofthis sub overhangs the mandrel and the upperend of tubular body' ll, providing a downwardly facingthrust bearings'urface to bear down against the upperend of the tubular body. And if desired rolling bearings52v maybe inserted at this bearing surface. The subor head carries a downward- 56 lyiextendingsleeve 557,'which sleeve depends over'theupper endzof'the body and'downwardlyover theupper ends of'cutter-receiving'slots 12, thus overhanging the upper ex- "tensions 14a ofthe `cutters. The sleeve is l i here shown as `screw-threaded at, 56 tothe.

lsub for convenience ofremoval In func'- Sub",fand the sub may likewise be an integral Y headon'the upper end of the mandrel.v How- 1Q the body has-upwardly projecting walls 60 nessi/'5o vcutters. Preferably, in order to cause cutter contraction when the mandrel is in contracted position, I provide small springs 61 which bear between the cutter extensions and the overhanging wall and sleeve 55.

To disassemble my reamer 1t 1s only necessary to remove the bit member 35 from the lower end and then remove'collar 36, when the mandrel may be withdrawn longitudinally from Vthe body, carryingv with it the sleeve 55. rThe cutters may then either be removed outwardly through the slots or, in the ldesi'gn'here shown, may be removed inwardly Iclaim: 7' v K l. In an expansive reamer, the combmathrough the interior of the body.

tion'of a tubular slotted body,'-cutters movmounted on the mandrel and overhanging the cutter ends at the other end of the body slots. 2. lIn an expansive reamer, the combination of a tubular slotted body, cutters movi der confining the body against relative upward movement, a sleeve. mounted on the sub and overhangingfthe bodyV downwardly to overhang the upper ends of the body slots and the upper ends of the cutters, means at ther,v

lower end of the'mandrel confining the body against relative downward movement on the mandrel, and the body having at the lower lends of the slots a walloverhanging the lower ends of the cutters.

` the body having at one end of the slots a wall overhanging the cutter ends, and a sleeve v3. In an'expansive reamer, the combination I of atubvular slotted body, cutters movable inwardly and outwardly in the body slots, a relativ'elyrotatable mandrel extending longitudinally'in the body and having cams acting onthe cutters to move the cutters.. out by yirtue' of relative'mandrel rotation, the body havlngV at oneend of the slots a wall overy hanging the cutter vends, and aV sleeve mounted'on the mandrel and overhanging the cut-,g

.y i (ter ends at the other end ofthe body slots,"- tion, the sleeve may be an integral part of the and springs between the overhanging wall 'and sleeve and the cuttersY tending to move fthe cutters inwardly. 60A ever, 1t 1s 4convenient'in manufactureto make .`j'f" the sub a separate piece. l-

' At thelower ends of Vcutter-receiving slotsk Aa In "an expansive reamer, the combina-f tion of a'tubula'r' slotted body, cutters mov- Vableinwardly andoutwardly in the'body slo.ts,`ar relatively rotatable mandrel extendmg llongitudinally in the body and having camsv'actmgfon the cutters to move the cuttersv ut by virtue of relative mandrel rotation, avr sub connected with the upperendof the mandrel and having a downwardly facing shoulder confining the body against relativeV upward movement, a sleeve mounted on the sub and overhanging the body downwardly to overhang the upper ends of the body slots and s the upper ends of the cutters, means at ,the lower end of the mandrel conning the.y body against relative downward movement-on the mandrel, and the body having atV the "lower Y ends of the'slots a Wall overhangng lthelowlward thrust from the bit.

portion ofthe body to limit relative rotation f ofthe mandrel, and the mandrel cams adap-ted to pass through the grooves into the body' bore, ka sub connected with the upper end of n the mandrel and'having a downwardly facing shoulder confining the body against relative upward'movement, a sleeve Amounted on the sub and overhanging the body downwardlyto overhang lthe upper ends of the f body slotsand theupper ends of the cutters,

the body having at the lower vends of the slots a wallV overhanging the lower ends of the cutters, a collar'screw-threaded on the lower end of the mandrel and having an upwardly facingl shoulderconfining the bodyagainst downward movement, a bit screwthreadedly attachedv to'the lower end of the bodyandfenclosing' the collar on the lower endof the mandrel, the collar having a downwardly'facing bearing shoulder to take up- In witness Vthat I claimy the foregoing I havehereunto subscribed my name this 11th y day of December, 1930.

EDWARD F?. RAYMOND.

the sub and'overhanging the body downwardly to overhang the upper ends ofthe body slots and the upper ends of the cutters, the body having at the lower ends of the slots va wall overhanging the lower ends of the cutters, a collar screw-threaded on the lower end of the mandrelpand having an upwardly facing shoulderconfining the body against downward movement, a bit screw-threadedly attached to the lower end of the body and enf kclosing the collar on the lower end of the mandrel, the collarfhaving'a downwardly facing A bearing thrust from the bit.

6..In an expansive reamer, the combination of a tubular slotted body, cutters mov-l able inwardly and outwardly inthe body y slots, a relatively rotatable mandrel extending longitudinally in the body and having 1 cams acting on the cutters to move the cutters out by virtue of relative mandrel rotation, the

interior of the body having an enlargedl cam y receiving bore and a grooved wall surface at the upper end, the mandrel having stop lugsv adapted to operate in the grooved portion of the bodyy tov limit relative rotation of ,they mandrel, and the mandrel cams adapted to pass through the grooves into the body bore.

shoulder to take upwardV 7. In an expansive reamer,the combination of a tubular slotted body, cutters mov i' able inwardly andl outwardly in the bodyA slots',

a relatively rotatable mandrel extend- 60' inglongitudinally in the body and having cams acting on the cutters to move the cutters out by virtue of relative mandrel rotation',

the interior of the body having an enlarged cam receiving bore anda grooved wall sur-` faceat the upper end, thev mandrel having stop lugs adapted to operate in the grooved 

